Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that is characterized by progressive destruction of the periodontium and causes tooth loss in adults.Periodontitis is known to be associated with dysbiosis of the oral microflora,which is often linked to various diseases.However,the complexity of plaque microbial communities of periodontitis,antibiotic resistance,and enhanced virulence make this disease difficult to treat.In this study,using metagenomic shotgun sequencing,we inves-tigated the etiology,antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),and virulence genes(VirGs)of periodontitis.We revealed a significant shift in the composition of oral microbiota as well as several functional pathways that were represented significantly more abundantly in periodontitis patients than in con-trols.In addition,we observed several positively selected ARGs and VirGs with the Ka/Ks ratio＞1 by analyzing our data and a previous periodontitis dataset,indicating that ARGs and VirGs in oral microbiota may be subjected to positive selection.Moreover,5 of 12 positively selected ARGs and VirGs in periodontitis patients were found in the genomes of respiratory tract pathogens.Of note,91.8％of the background VirGs with at least one non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism for natural selection were also from respiratory tract pathogens.These observations suggest a potential association between periodontitis and respiratory infection at the gene level.Our study enriches the knowledge of pathogens and functional pathways as well as the positive selection of antibiotic resistance and pathogen virulence in periodontitis patients,and provides evidence at the gene level for an association between periodontitis and respiratory infection.

Zhenwei Liu;Tao Zhang;Keke Wu;Zhongshan Li;Xiaomin Chen;Shan Jiang;Lifeng Du;Saisai Lu;Chongxiang Lin;Jinyu Wu;Xiaobing Wang

Institute of Genomic Medicine,Wenzhou Medical University,Wenzhou 325000,China;Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Wenzhou 325000,China;Rheumatology Department,The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University,Wenzhou 352000,China;Department of Stomatology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University,Wenzhou 325000,China

基因组蛋白质组与生物信息学报（英文版）

[1]Zhenwei Liu;Tao Zhang;Keke Wu;Zhongshan Li;Xiaomin Chen;Shan Jiang;Lifeng Du;Saisai Lu;Chongxiang Lin;Jinyu Wu;Xiaobing Wang-.Metagenomic Analysis Reveals A Possible Association Between Respiratory Infection and Periodontitis)[J].基因组蛋白质组与生物信息学报（英文版）,2022(02):260-273

periodontium,VirGs

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