The immune response after implantation is a primary determinant of the tissue-repair effects of three-dimensional(3D)-printed scaffolds.Thus,scaffolds that can subtly regulate immune responses may dis-play extraordinary functions.Inspired by the angiogenesis promotion effect of humoral immune response,we covalently combined mesoporous silica microrod(MSR)/polyethyleneimine(PEI)/ovalbu-min(OVA)self-assembled vaccines with 3D-printed calcium phosphate cement(CPC)scaffolds for local antigen-specific immune response activation.With the response activated,antigen-specific CD4+T helper 2(Th2)cells can be recruited to promote early angiogenesis.The silicon(Si)ions from MSRs can acceler-ate osteogenesis,with an adequate blood supply being provided.At room temperature,scaffolds with uniformly interconnected macropores were printed using a self-setting CPC-based printing paste,which promoted the uniform dispersion and structural preservation of functional polysaccharides oxidized hya-luronic acid(OHA)inside.Sustained release of OVA was achieved with MSR/PEI covalently attached to scaffolds rich in aldehyde groups as the vaccine carrier.The vaccine-loaded scaffolds effectively recruited and activated dendritic cells(DCs)for antigen presentation and promoted the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)in vitro.When embedded subcutaneously in vivo,the vaccine-loaded scaffolds increased the proportion of Th2 cells in the spleen and locally recruited antigen-specific T cells to promote angiogenesis in and around the scaffold.Furthermore,the result in a rat skull defect-repair model indicated that the antigen-specific vaccine-loaded scaffolds promoted the regenera-tion of vascularized bone.This method may provide a novel concept for patient-specific implant design for angiogenesis promotion.

Cuidi Li;Zhenjiang Ma;Wentao Li;Tianyang Jie;Liping Zhong;Hongfang Chen;Wenhao Wang;Jinwu Wang;Wenguo Cui;Yongxiang Zhao

Department of Orthopaedics,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases,Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics,Ruijin Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200025,China;Department of Orthopedic Surgery,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants,Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200011,China;National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics,Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Theranostics,Guangxi Medical University,Nanning 530021,China

工程（英文）

[1]Cuidi Li;Zhenjiang Ma;Wentao Li;Tianyang Jie;Liping Zhong;Hongfang Chen;Wenhao Wang;Jinwu Wang;Wenguo Cui;Yongxiang Zhao-.3D-Printed Scaffolds Promote Angiogenesis by Recruiting Antigen-Specific T Cells)[J].工程（英文）,2022(10):183-195

Recruiting,microrod,ovalbu,hya,luronic

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