Background::Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are a crucial suite of measures to prevent and control infectious disease outbreaks. Despite being particularly important for crisis-affected populations and those living in informal settlements, who typically reside in overcrowded and resource limited settings with inadequate access to healthcare, guidance on NPI implementation rarely takes the specific needs of such populations into account. We therefore conducted a systematic scoping review of the published evidence to describe the landscape of research and identify evidence gaps concerning the acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of NPIs among crisis-affected populations and informal settlements.Methods::We systematically reviewed peer-reviewed articles published between 1970 and 2020 to collate available evidence on the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of NPIs in crisis-affected populations and informal settlements. We performed quality assessments of each study using a standardised questionnaire. We analysed the data to produce descriptive summaries according to a number of categories: date of publication; geographical region of intervention; typology of crisis, shelter, modes of transmission, NPI, research design; study design; and study quality.Results::Our review included 158 studies published in 85 peer-reviewed articles. Most research used low quality study designs. The acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of NPIs was highly context dependent. In general, simple and cost-effective interventions such as community-level environmental cleaning and provision of water, sanitation and hygiene services, and distribution of items for personal protection such as insecticide-treated nets, were both highly feasible and acceptable. Logistical, financial, and human resource constraints affected both the implementation and sustainability of measures. Community engagement emerged as a strong factor contributing to the effectiveness of NPIs. Conversely, measures that involve potential restriction on personal liberty such as case isolation and patient care and burial restrictions were found to be less acceptable, despite apparent effectiveness.Conclusions::Overall, the evidence base was variable, with substantial knowledge gaps which varied between settings and pathogens. Based on the current landscape, robust evidence-based guidance is not possible, and a research agenda is urgently required that focusses on these specific vulnerable populations. Although implementation of NPIs presents unique practical challenges in these settings, it is critical that such an agenda is put in place, and that the lessons learned from historical and present experiences are documented to build a firm evidence base.

Disease outbreaks;Communicable disease control;Prevention & control;Vulnerable populations;Warfare and armed conflicts;Disasters;Relief work;Poverty areas

Polonsky Jonathan A.;Bhatia Sangeeta;Fraser Keith;Hamlet Arran;Skarp Janetta;Stopard Isaac J.;Hugonnet Stéphane;Kaiser Laurent;Lengeler Christian;Blanchet Karl;Spiegel Paul

World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland;Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK;Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, Imperial College London, London, UK;Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland;University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland;Geneva Centre of Humanitarian Studies, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;Center for Humanitarian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA

贫困所致传染病（英文）

[1]Polonsky Jonathan A.;Bhatia Sangeeta;Fraser Keith;Hamlet Arran;Skarp Janetta;Stopard Isaac J.;Hugonnet Stéphane;Kaiser Laurent;Lengeler Christian;Blanchet Karl;Spiegel Paul-.Feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions against infectious diseases among crisis-affected populations: a scoping review)[J].贫困所致传染病（英文）,2022(01):8-26

overcrowded,collate,Logistical

Feasibility,acceptability,effectiveness,pharmaceutical,interventions,against,infectious,diseases,among,crisis,affected,populations,scoping,Background,Non,NPIs,crucial,suite,measures,prevent,control,outbreaks,Despite,being,particularly,important,those,living,informal,settlements,who,typically,reside,resource,limited,settings,inadequate,access,healthcare,guidance,implementation,rarely,takes,specific,needs,such,into,account,We,therefore,conducted,published,evidence,describe,landscape,research,identify,gaps,concerning,feasibility,Methods,systematically,reviewed,peer,articles,between,available,performed,quality,assessments,each,study,using,standardised,questionnaire,analysed,data,produce,descriptive,summaries,according,number,categories,date,publication,geographical,region,typology,shelter,modes,transmission,Results,Our,included,studies,Most,used,low,designs,was,highly,context,dependent,In,general,simple,cost,community,level,environmental,cleaning,provision,water,sanitation,hygiene,services,distribution,items,personal,protection,insecticide,treated,nets,were,both,feasible,acceptable,financial,human,constraints,sustainability,Community,engagement,emerged,strong,contributing,Conversely,that,involve,potential,liberty,case,isolation,patient,burial,restrictions,found,despite,apparent,Conclusions,Overall,variable,substantial,knowledge,which,varied,pathogens,Based,current,robust,not,possible,agenda,urgently,required,focusses,these,vulnerable,Although,presents,unique,practical,challenges,critical,put,place,lessons,learned,from,historical,experiences,documented,build,firm,Disease,Communicable,Prevention,Vulnerable,Warfare,armed,conflicts,Disasters,Relief,work,Poverty,areas

0.564319