典型文献
The social welfare effect of forest certification under environmental spillovers
文献摘要：
Forest certification has positive environmental spillovers. Considering environmental spillovers, this study ana-lyzed the social welfare effects of forest certification using partial and general equilibrium methods. The re-sults of the partial equilibrium analysis showed that social welfare in producing countries tended to increase under the market expansion of certified forest products. The general equilibrium analysis results indicated that, in autarky, or economic independence, the production amount of certified forest products could increase. If conventional forest products are imported and certified forest products are exported, then the level of utility in free trade condition is greater than that in autarky. If conventional forest products are exported and certi-fied forest products are imported, then the price of imported products must be compared with the price of the autarky domestic market to determine the utility level of free trade and autarky. If the price of certified prod-ucts is less than the price at the time of autarky, then the total utility level increases; otherwise, it decreases. The social welfare effect of forest certification can be increased through expanding the market demand of cer-tified products and giving these products subsidies in production and price incentives in importing.
文献关键词：
中图分类号：
作者姓名：
Zhijie Guan;Yue Zhang;Yan Xu
作者机构：
Wu Jinglian School of Economics,Changzhou University,Changzhou,213159,China;School of Business,Nanjing Normal University Taizhou College,Taizhou,225300,China
文献出处：
引用格式：
[1]Zhijie Guan;Yue Zhang;Yan Xu-.The social welfare effect of forest certification under environmental spillovers)[J].中国人口·资源与环境（英文版）,2022(03):245-250
A类：
autarky,certi
B类：
social,welfare,forest,certification,under,environmental,spillovers,Forest,has,positive,Considering,this,study,lyzed,effects,using,partial,general,equilibrium,methods,analysis,showed,that,producing,countries,tended,market,expansion,certified,products,results,indicated,economic,independence,production,amount,could,If,conventional,imported,exported,then,level,utility,free,trade,condition,greater,than,price,must,be,compared,domestic,determine,less,total,increases,otherwise,decreases,can,increased,through,expanding,demand,giving,these,subsidies,incentives,importing
AB值：
0.371239
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