The United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides an important framework for eco-nomic,social,and environmental action.A comprehensive indicator system to aid in the systematic implementation and monitoring of progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)is unfortunately limited in many countries due to lack of data.The availability of a growing amount of multi-source data and rapid advancements in big data methods and infrastructure provide unique oppor-tunities to mitigate these data shortages and develop innovative methodologies for comparatively mon-itoring SDGs.Big Earth Data,a special class of big data with spatial attributes,holds tremendous potential to facilitate science,technology,and innovation toward implementing SDGs around the world.Several programs and initiatives in China have invested in Big Earth Data infrastructure and capabilities,and have successfully carried out case studies to demonstrate their utility in sustainability science.This paper pre-sents implementations of Big Earth Data in evaluating SDG indicators,including the development of new algorithms,indicator expansion(for SDG 11.4.1)and indicator extension(for SDG 11.3.1),introduction of a biodiversity risk index as a more effective analysis method for SDG 15.5.1,and several new high-quality data products,such as global net ecosystem productivity,high-resolution global mountain green cover index,and endangered species richness.These innovations are used to present a comprehensive analysis of SDGs 2,6,11,13,14,and 15 from 2010 to 2020 in China utilizing Big Earth Data,concluding that all six SDGs are on schedule to be achieved by 2030.

Huadong Guo;Dong Liang;Zhongchang Sun;Fang Chen;Xinyuan Wang;Junsheng Li;Li Zhu;Jinhu Bian;Yanqiang Wei;Lei Huang;Yu Chen;Dailiang Peng;Xiaosong Li;Shanlong Lu;Jie Liu;Zeeshan Shirazi

International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals,Beijing 100094,China;Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science,Aerospace Information Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China;Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China;Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China

科学通报（英文版）

[1]Huadong Guo;Dong Liang;Zhongchang Sun;Fang Chen;Xinyuan Wang;Junsheng Li;Li Zhu;Jinhu Bian;Yanqiang Wei;Lei Huang;Yu Chen;Dailiang Peng;Xiaosong Li;Shanlong Lu;Jie Liu;Zeeshan Shirazi-.Measuring and evaluating SDG indicators with Big Earth Data)[J].科学通报（英文版）,2022(17):1792-1801

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