Plant stomata close rapidly in response to a rise in the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) or salicylic acid (SA) and after recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Stomatal closure is the result of vacuolar convolution, ion efflux, and changes in turgor pressure in guard cells. Phytopathogenic bacteria secrete type Ⅲ ef-fectors (T3Es) that interfere with plant defense mechanisms, causing severe plant disease symp-toms. Here, we show that the virulence and infection of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), which is the causal agent of rice bacterial leaf streak disease, drastically increased in transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants overexpressing the Xoc T3E gene XopAP, which encodes a protein annotated as a li-pase. We discovered that XopAP binds to phospha-tidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P2), a memb rane phospholipid that functions in pH control in lysosomes, membrane dynamics, and protein traf-ficking. XopAP inhibited the acidification of vacuoles by competing with vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase (V-PPase) for binding to PtdIns(3,5)P2, leading to stomatal opening. Transgenic rice overexpressing XopAP also showed inhibition of stomatal closure when challenged by Xoc infection and treatment with the PAMP flg22. Moreover, XopAP suppressed flg22-induced gene expression, reactive oxygen species burst and callose deposition in host plants, demon-strating that XopAP subverts PAMP-triggered im-munity during Xoc infection. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that XopAP overcomes sto-matal immunity in plants by binding to lipids.

Longyu Liu;Ying Li;Zhengyin Xu;Huan Chen;Jingyi Zhang;Brittany Manion;Fengquan Liu;Lifang Zou;Zheng Qing Fu;Gongyou Chen

State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism/Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds,School of Agriculture and Biology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;Department of Biological Sciences,University of South Carolina,Columbia 29208,USA;Institute of Plant Protection,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China

植物学报（英文版）

[1]Longyu Liu;Ying Li;Zhengyin Xu;Huan Chen;Jingyi Zhang;Brittany Manion;Fengquan Liu;Lifang Zou;Zheng Qing Fu;Gongyou Chen-.The Xanthomonas type Ⅲ effector XopAP prevents stomatal closure by interfering with vacuolar acidificationOO)[J].植物学报（英文版）,2022(10):1994-2008

XopAP,acidificationOO,Stomatal,Phytopathogenic,fectors,T3Es,Xoc,T3E,tidylinositol,PtdIns,memb,rane,ficking,subverts,matal

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