Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)are noncoding transcripts that are more than 200 nucleotides long.They play essential roles in regulating a variety of biological processes in many species,including insects,and some lncRNAs have been found to be associated with insecticide resistance.However,the characteristics and biological func-tions of lncRNAs involved in indoxacarb resistance are unknown in Spodoptera litura.We performed RNA sequencing in the SS,InRS,and FInRS of S.litura and identified 11 978 lncRNAs,including 3 136 intergenic lncRNAs,7 393 intronic lncRNAs,and 1 449 anti-sense lncRNAs.Compared with the SS,51 lncRNAs were upregulated and 134 lncRNAs were downregulated in the two resistant strains,and 908 differentially expressed mRNAs were predicted as the target genes of the 185 differentially expressed lncRNAs.Further analysis showed that 112 of differentially expressed lncRNAs may be associated with in-doxacarb resistance by regulating the expression of 14 P450s,seven CCEs,one GST,six UGTs,five ABC transporters,and 24 cuticle protein genes,and 79 of differentially ex-pressed lncRNAs may regulate the expression of 14 detoxification genes and 19 cuticle protein genes to participate in indoxacarb resistance by sponging 10 microRNAs.Interest-ingly,47 of differentially expressed lncRNAs may mediate indoxacarb resistance through both lncRNA-mRNA and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory pathways.Furthermore,quantitative PCR,RNA interference,and indoxacarb bioassay analyses indicated that over-expressed LNC_004867 and LNC_006576 were involved in indoxacarb resistance.This study provides comprehensive information for lncRNAs of S.litura,and presents evidence that lncRNAs have key roles in conferring insecticide resistance in S.litura.

Li Shi;Wen-Lin Li;Hai-Xin Zeng;Yao Shi;Xiao-Lan Liao

Hunan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Bio-pesticide and Formulation Processing,College of Plant Protec-tion,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,China;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Changsha,China

中国昆虫科学（英文版）

[1]Li Shi;Wen-Lin Li;Hai-Xin Zeng;Yao Shi;Xiao-Lan Liao-.Systematic identification and functional analysis of long noncoding RNAs involved in indoxacarb resistance in Spodoptera litura)[J].中国昆虫科学（英文版）,2022(06):1721-1736

indoxacarb,InRS,FInRS,doxacarb,CCEs

Systematic,identification,functional,analysis,long,noncoding,involved,resistance,Spodoptera,litura,Long,lncRNAs,transcripts,that,than,nucleotides,They,play,essential,roles,regulating,variety,biological,processes,many,species,including,insects,some,have,been,found,associated,insecticide,However,characteristics,tions,unknown,We,performed,sequencing,SS,identified,intergenic,intronic,sense,Compared,were,upregulated,downregulated,two,resistant,strains,differentially,expressed,mRNAs,predicted,target,genes,showed,may,by,expression,P450s,seven,one,GST,six,UGTs,five,ABC,transporters,cuticle,protein,detoxification,participate,sponging,microRNAs,Interest,ingly,mediate,through,both,miRNA,regulatory,pathways,Furthermore,quantitative,interference,bioassay,analyses,indicated,over,LNC,This,study,provides,comprehensive,information,presents,evidence,key,conferring

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