Insect wings are subject to strong selective pressure,resulting in the evolution of remarkably diverse wing morphologies that largely determine flight capacity.However,the genetic basis and regulatory mechanisms underlying wing size and shape development are not well understood.The silkworm Bombyx mori micropterous(mp)mutant exhibits shortened wing length and enlarged vein spacings,albeit without changes in total wing area.Thus,the mp mutant comprises a valuable genetic resource for studying wing de-velopment.In this study,we used molecular mapping to identify the gene responsible for the mp phenotype and designated it Bmmp.Phenotype-causing mutations were identified as indels and single nucleotide polymorphisms in noncoding regions.These mutations resulted in decreased Bmmp messenger RNA levels and changes in transcript isoform composition.Bmmp null mutants were generated by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 and exhibited changed wing shape,similar to mp mutants,and significantly smaller total wing area.By examining the expression of genes critical to wing development in wildtype and Bmmp null mutants,we found that Bmmp exerts its function by coordinately modulating anterior-posterior and proximal-distal axes development.We also studied a Drosophila mp mutant and found that Bmmp is functionally conserved in Drosophila.The Drosophila mp mutant strain exhibits curly wings of reduced size and a complete loss of flight capacity.Our results increase our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning insect wing development and reveal potential targets for pest control.

Yun-Long Zou;Xin Ding;Li Zhang;Li-Feng Xu;Shu-Bo Liang;Hai Hu;Fang-Yin Dai;Xiao-Ling Tong

State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology,Southwest University,Chongqing,China;Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Southwest University,Chongqing,China;College of Sericulture,Textile and Biomass Sciences,Southwest University,Chongqing,China

中国昆虫科学（英文版）

[1]Yun-Long Zou;Xin Ding;Li Zhang;Li-Feng Xu;Shu-Bo Liang;Hai Hu;Fang-Yin Dai;Xiao-Ling Tong-.Bmmp influences wing morphology by regulating anterior-posterior and proximal-distal axes development)[J].中国昆虫科学（英文版）,2022(06):1569-1582

Bmmp,micropterous

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