The differences in size and function between primate and rodent brains,and the association of disturbed excitatory/inhibitory balance with many neurodevelopmental disorders highlight the importance to study primate ganglionic eminences(GEs)development.Here we used single-cell RNA and ATAC sequencing to characterize the emergence of cell diversity in monkey and human GEs where most striatal and cortical interneurons are generated.We identified regional and temporal diversity among progenitor cells which give rise to a variety of interneurons.These cells are specified within the primate GEs by well conserved gene regulatory networks,similar to those identified in mice.However,we detected,in human,several novel regulatory pathways or factors involved in the specification and migration of interneurons.Importantly,comparison of progenitors between our human and published mouse GE datasets led to the discovery and confirmation of outer radial glial cells in GEs in human cortex.Our findings reveal both evolutionarily conservative and nonconservative regulatory networks in primate GEs,which may contribute to their larger brain sizes and more complex neural networks compared with mouse.

Ziqi Zhao;Dan Zhang;Fuqiang Yang;Mingrui Xu;Shaoli Zhao;Taotao Pan;Chuanyu Liu;Yongjie Liu;Qingfeng Wu;Qiang Tu;Ping Zhou;Rong Li;Jia Kang;Lan Zhu;Fei Gao;Yaqing Wang;Zhiheng Xu

State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology,School of Future Technology,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China;BGI-Beijing,Beijing,China;BGI-Shenzhen,Shenzhen,China;State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Innovation Academy for Seed Design,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China;Key Laboratory of Genetic Network Biology,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China;Center for Reproductive Medicine,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Peking University Third Hospital,Beijing,China;Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Beijing,China;State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology,Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China

细胞研究（英文版）

[1]Ziqi Zhao;Dan Zhang;Fuqiang Yang;Mingrui Xu;Shaoli Zhao;Taotao Pan;Chuanyu Liu;Yongjie Liu;Qingfeng Wu;Qiang Tu;Ping Zhou;Rong Li;Jia Kang;Lan Zhu;Fei Gao;Yaqing Wang;Zhiheng Xu-.Evolutionarily conservative and non-conservative regulatory networks during primate interneuron development revealed by single-cell RNA and ATAC sequencing)[J].细胞研究（英文版）,2022(05):425-436

Evolutionarily,ganglionic,eminences,GEs,nonconservative

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