Nitrogen(N)is the driving force for crop yields;however,excessive N application in agriculture not only increases production cost,but also causes severe environmental problems.Therefore,comprehensively understanding the molecular mechanisms of N use efficiency(NUE)and breeding crops with higher NUE is essential to tackle these problems.NUE of crops is determined by N uptake,transport,assimilation,and remobilization.In the process of N assimilation,nitrate reductase(NR),nitrite reductase(NiR),glutamine synthetase(GS),and glutamine-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase(GOGAT,also known as glutamate syn-thase)are the major enzymes.NR and NiR mediate the initiation of inorganic N utilization,and GS/GOGAT cycle converts inorganic N to organic N,playing a vital role in N assimilation and the final NUE of crops.Besides,asparagine synthetase(ASN),glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH),and carbamoyl phosphate syn-thetase(CPSase)are also involved.In this review,we summarize the function and regulation of these enzymes reported in three major crops-rice,maize,and wheat,also in the model plant Arabidopsis,and we highlight their application in improving NUE of crops via manipulating N assimilation.Anticipated challenges and prospects toward fully understanding the function of N assimilation and further exploring the potential for NUE improvement are discussed.

Xiujie Liu;Bin Hu;Chengcai Chu

State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,The Innovative Academy for Seed Design,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Advanced Agricultural Science,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory,Sanya,Hainan 572025,China;College of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510642,China

遗传学报

[1]Xiujie Liu;Bin Hu;Chengcai Chu-.Nitrogen assimilation in plants:current status and future prospects)[J].遗传学报,2022(05):394-404

oxoglutarate,thetase,CPSase,Anticipated

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