Marine fouling is a worldwide challenge with huge damages on industrial structures,side effects on economics of industries,and environmental and safety-related hazards.Different approaches have been used for combating fouling in the marine environment.Meanwhile,nanocomposite polymer coatings are a novel generation of antifouling coatings with merits of toxin-free chemical composition and ease of large-scale application.Nanomaterials such as nano-metals,nano-metal oxides,metal-organic frame-works,carbon-based nanostructures,MXene,and nanoclays have antibacterial and antifouling properties in the polymer coatings.Besides,these nanomaterials can improve the corrosion resistance,mechanical strength,weathering stability,and thermal resistance of the polymer coatings.Therefore,in this review paper,the antifouling nanocomposite coatings are introduced and antifouling mechanisms are discussed.This review explicitly indicates that the antifouling efficiency of the nanocomposite coatings depends on the properties of the polymer matrix,the inherent properties of the nanomaterials,the weight percent and the dispersion method of the nanomaterials within the coating matrix,and the chemicals used for modifying the surface of the nanomaterials;meanwhile,the hybrids of different nanomaterials and ap-propriate chemical agents could be used to improve the antifouling behavior of the prepared nanocom-posites.Moreover,the theoretical studies are introduced to pave the way of researchers working on the antifouling coatings,and the importance of the theoretical studies and computational modeling along with the experimental research is notified to develop antifouling coatings with high efficiency.

Sepideh Pourhashem;Abdolvahab Seif;Farhad Saba;Elham Garmroudi Nezhad;Xiaohong Ji;Ziyang Zhou;Xiaofan Zhai;Majid Mirzaee;Jizhou Duan;Alimorad Rashidi;Baorong Hou

Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;Open studio for marine Corrosion and Protection,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266237,China;Center for Ocean Mega-Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;Nanotechnology Research Center,Research Institute of Petroleum Industry(RIPI),West Entrance Blvd.,Olympic Village,Tehran,Iran;Department of Materials Science and Engineering,Engineering Faculty,Ferdowsi University of Mashhad,Mashhad,Iran;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100039,China;Non-Metallic Materials Research Group,Niroo Research Institute,Tehran 14665517,Iran

材料科学技术（英文版）

[1]Sepideh Pourhashem;Abdolvahab Seif;Farhad Saba;Elham Garmroudi Nezhad;Xiaohong Ji;Ziyang Zhou;Xiaofan Zhai;Majid Mirzaee;Jizhou Duan;Alimorad Rashidi;Baorong Hou-.Antifouling nanocomposite polymer coatings for marine applications:A review on experiments,mechanisms,and theoretical studies)[J].材料科学技术（英文版）,2022(23):73-113

nanoclays

Antifouling,nanocomposite,polymer,coatings,marine,applications,review,experiments,mechanisms,theoretical,studies,Marine,worldwide,challenge,huge,damages,industrial,effects,economics,industries,environmental,safety,related,hazards,Different,approaches,have,been,used,combating,Meanwhile,novel,generation,antifouling,merits,toxin,free,composition,ease,large,scale,Nanomaterials,such,metals,oxides,organic,frame,works,carbon,nanostructures,MXene,antibacterial,properties,Besides,these,nanomaterials,can,improve,corrosion,resistance,mechanical,strength,weathering,stability,thermal,Therefore,this,paper,introduced,discussed,This,explicitly,indicates,that,efficiency,depends,matrix,inherent,weight,percent,dispersion,method,within,chemicals,modifying,surface,meanwhile,hybrids,different,propriate,agents,could,behavior,prepared,posites,Moreover,pave,way,researchers,working,importance,computational,modeling,along,experimental,notified,develop,high

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