Modulating the activation state and degree of macrophages still remains as a challenge for the topo-graphical design of Ti-based implants.In this work,micro/nano-structured coatings were prepared on Ti substrates by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) and subsequent hydrothermal (HT) treatment.By varying the HT conditions,plate-like nano-structures with an average length of 80,440 or 780 nm were obtained on MAO-prepared micro-topographical surfaces.Depending on the dimensional features of nano-plates,the specimens were noted as Micro,Micro/Nano-180,Micro/Nano-440 and Micro/Nano-780,respectively.The in vitro results showed that the activation state and degree of macrophages could be effectively modu-lated by the micro/nano-structured surfaces with various dimensional features.Compared to the Micro surface,the Micro/Nano-180 surface activated both M1 and M2 phenotype in macrophages,while the Micro/Nano-440 and Micro/Nano-780 surfaces polarized macrophages to their M1 phenotype.The acti-vation degree of M1 macrophages followed the trend:Micro ＜ Micro/Nano-180 ＜ Micro/Nano-440 ＜Micro/Nano-780.However,the osteogenic potential of the activated macrophages in response to various surfaces were in the order:Micro ≈ Micro/Nano-780 ＜ Micro/Nano-180 ＜ Micro/Nano-440.Together,the findings presented in this work indicate that engineering nano-structures with controllable dimensional features is a promising strategy to modulate macrophage activation state and degree.In addition,it is essential to determine the appropriate activation degree of M1 macrophages for enhanced osteogenesis.

Luxin Liang;Qianli Huang;Hong Wu;Hao He;Guanghua Lei;Dapeng Zhao;Kun Zhou

State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;Foshan (Southern China) Institute for New Materials,Foshan 528200,China;Department of Vascular Surgery,The Second Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,Changsha 410011,China;Department of Orthopedics,Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,Changsha 410008,China;College of Biology,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China;School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,Nanyang Technological University,Singapore 639798,Singapore

材料科学技术（英文版）

[1]Luxin Liang;Qianli Huang;Hong Wu;Hao He;Guanghua Lei;Dapeng Zhao;Kun Zhou-.Engineering nano-structures with controllable dimensional features on micro-topographical titanium surfaces to modulate the activation degree of M1 macrophages and their osteogenic potential)[J].材料科学技术（英文版）,2022(01):167-178

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