Although the immunomodulatory activity of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder (BVC) has been increasingly documented in domestic animals, the use of BVC as immunostimulant in fish aquaculture awaits verification. In the present study, the immunostimulatory impacts of dietary BVC intake were investigated in an important aquaculture fish species, the African catfish Clarias gariepinus . Results show that the pathogen resistance of African catfish was significantly improved by dietary BVC intake at the tested levels (0.5％–2％), as indicated by higher survival rates (approximately 1.52–1.85 times that without BVC supplementation) upon intraperitoneally injection of bacterial pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila . In addition, both the count and phagocytic activity of blood cells were significantly up-regulated by a 45-day dietary supplementation of BVC. Moreover, compared to that of the control, fish individuals fed BVC containing diets exhibited significant higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and lysozyme (LYZ). The content of immunoglobulin M (IgM) in serum of African catfish was also induced by dietary BVC supplementation. Furthermore, the expression levels of interleukin-8 ( IL - 8 ), toll-like receptor 1 and 5 ( TLR1 and TLR5 ), myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD88 ), and nuclear factor kappa B ( NFκB ) in the head kidney were significantly up-regulated. Our findings indicate BVC could be an effective immunostimulant in teleost species, which may enhance fish immunity through improving hematic parameters, activating bioactive humoral molecules, and up-regulating immune related molecular pathways.

Kwangjin JU;Moyngsuk KIL;Sanghyok RI;Tongchol KIM;Lining ZHANG;Maocang YAN;Guangxu LIU

College of Animal Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;College of Aquaculture,Wonsan Fisheries University,Wonsan 999093,DPR Korea;College of Life Science,Kim Hyong Jik University of Education,Pyongyang 99903,DPR Korea;Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute,Wenzhou 325005,China

海洋湖沼学报（英文版）

[1]Kwangjin JU;Moyngsuk KIL;Sanghyok RI;Tongchol KIM;Lining ZHANG;Maocang YAN;Guangxu LIU-.Dietary intake of bamboo vinegar and charcoal powder (BVC) enhances resistance of African catfish Clarias gariepinus to bacterial pathogen)[J].海洋湖沼学报（英文版）,2022(01):336-346

catfish,gariepinus,immunostimulant,hematic

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