Clubroot is one of the major diseases adversely affecting Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa)yield and quality.To precisely characterize the Plasmodiophora brassicae infection of Chinese cabbage,we developed a dual fluorescent staining method for simultaneously examining the pathogen,cell structures,and starch grains.The number of starch(amylopectin)grains increased in B.rapa roots infected by P.brassicae,especially from 14 to 21 days after inoculation.Therefore,the expression levels of 38 core starch metabolism genes were investigated by quantitative real-time PCR.Most genes related to starch synthesis were up-regulated at 7 days after P.brassicae inoculation,whereas the expression levels of starch degradation-related genes were increased at 14 days after inoculation.Then,genes encoding the core enzymes involved in starch metabolism were investigated by assessing their chromosomal distributions,structures,duplication events,and synteny among Brassica species.Genome comparisons indicated that 38 non-redundant genes belonging to six core gene families related to starch metabolism are highly conserved among Arabidopsis thaliana,B.rapa,Brassica nigra,and Brassica oleracea.Previous genome sequencing projects have revealed that P.brassicae obtained host nutrients by manipulating plant metabolism.Starch may serve as a carbon source for P.brassicae colonization,as indicated by histological observations and transcriptomic analysis.Results of this study may elucidate the evolution and expression of core starch metabolism genes and provide researchers with novel insights into the pathogenesis of clubroot in B.rapa.

Yinbo Ma;Su Ryun Choi;Yu Wang;Sushil Satish Chhapekar;Xue Zhang;Yingjun Wang;Xueying Zhang;Meiyu Zhu;Di Liu;Zhennan Zuo;Xinyu Yan;Caixia Gan;Di Zhao;Yue Liang;Wenxing Pang;Yong Pyo Lim

College of Horticulture,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;Molecular Genetics and Genomics Laboratory,Department of Horticulture,Chungnam National University,Daejeon 305-764,Republic of Korea;Cash Crops Research Institute,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hubei Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Enhancement and Genetic Improvement,Wuhan 430070,China;Analytical and Testing Center,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;College of Plant Protection,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China

园艺研究（英文）

[1]Yinbo Ma;Su Ryun Choi;Yu Wang;Sushil Satish Chhapekar;Xue Zhang;Yingjun Wang;Xueying Zhang;Meiyu Zhu;Di Liu;Zhennan Zuo;Xinyu Yan;Caixia Gan;Di Zhao;Yue Liang;Wenxing Pang;Yong Pyo Lim-.Starch content changes and metabolism-related gene regulation of Chinese cabbage synergistically induced by Plasmodiophora brassicae infection)[J].园艺研究（英文）,2022(05):28-40

Clubroot,clubroot

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