Multivalent metal-sulfur (M-S,where M =Mg,Al,Ca,Zn,Fe,etc.) batteries offer unique opportunities to achieve high specific capacity,elemental abundancy and cost-effectiveness beyond lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,the slow diffusion of multivalent-metal ions and the shuttle of soluble polysulfide result in impoverished reversible capacity and limited cycle performance of M-S (Mg-S,Al-S,Ca-S,Zn-S,Fe-S,etc.) batteries.It is a necessity to optimize the electrochemical performance,while deepening the under-standing of the unique electrochemical reaction mechanism,such as the intrinsic multi-electron reaction process,polysulfides dissolution and the instability of metal anodes.To solve these problems,we have summarized the state-of-the-art progress of current M-S batteries,and sorted out the existing chal-lenges for different multivalent M-S batteries according to sulfur cathode,electrolytes,metallic anode and current collectors/separators,respectively.In this literature,we have surveyed and exemplified the strategies developed for better M-S batteries to strengthen the application of green,cost-effective and high energy density M-S batteries.

Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering,School of Materials Science & Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing,Beijing 100081,China

[1]Yue Yang;Haoyi Yang;Xinran Wang;Ying Bai;Chuan Wu-.Multivalent metal-sulfur batteries for green and cost-effective energy storage:Current status and challenges)[J].能源化学,2022(01):144-165

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