Functional materials show various highly demanded performances originating from intrinsic features related to degrees of freedom in a lattice framework.Presently,deep physical or chemical insights of quantum materials stimulate researchers to clarify multiscale processes within both materials and devices,which may be understood as functional materials that possess energy origin beyond electron contribution.It is of great significance for the design of functional materials to understand the sources of properties of functional materials from the perspective of multi degrees of freedom via multiscale research methods.This short review illustrates the importance and explores the energy source of functional materials from multiple degrees of freedom perspectives.Moreover,we analyzed the multiple degrees of freedom within lithium niobate single crystals to clarify their multiscale features.This short review may,in some cases,provide a perspective for enhancing research scopes of functional materials and recommending some methodologies from multiple degrees of freedom perspectives.

Guoqiang Shi;Dongfeng Xue

Multiscale Crystal Materials Research Center,Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenzhen,518055,China

自然科学进展·国际材料（英文）

[1]Guoqiang Shi;Dongfeng Xue-.A multiscale view in functional materials)[J].自然科学进展·国际材料（英文）,2022(06):674-683

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