Multifunctional fillers are greatly required for dental resin composites(DRCs).In this work,a spray dryer with a three-fluid nozzle was applied for the first time to construct high-performance complex nanopar-ticle clusters(CNCs)consisting of different functional nanofillers for dental restoration.The application of a three-fluid nozzle can effectively avoid the aggregation of different nanoparticles with opposite zeta potentials before the spray drying process in order to construct regularly shaped CNCs.For a SiO2-ZrO2 binary system,the SiO2-ZrO2 CNCs constructed using a three-fluid nozzle maintained their excellent mechanical properties((133.3±4.7)MPa,(8.8±0.5)GPa,(371.1±13.3)MPa,and(64.5±0.7)HV for flexu-ral strength,flexural modulus,compressive strength,and hardness of DRCs,respectively),despite the introduction of ZrO2 nanoparticles,whereas their counterparts constructed using a two-fluid nozzle showed significantly decreased mechanical properties.Furthermore,heat treatment of the SiO2-ZrO2 CNCs significantly improved the mechanical properties and radiopacity of the DRCs.The DRCs containing over 10％mass fraction ZrO2 nanoparticles can meet the requirement for radiopaque fillers.More impor-tantly,this method can be expanded to ternary or quaternary systems.DRCs filled with SiO2-ZrO2-ZnO CNCs with a ratio of 56∶10∶4 displayed high antibacterial activity(antibacterial ratio＞99％)in addition to excellent mechanical properties and radiopacity.Thus,the three-fluid nozzle spray drying technique holds great potential for the efficient construction of multifunctional cluster fillers for DRCs.

Dan-Lei Yang;Dan Wang;Hao Niu;Rui-Li Wang;Mei Liu;Fei-Min Zhang;Jie-Xin Wang;Mei-Fang Zhu

State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China;Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China;State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials,College of Materials Science and Engineering,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China;Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases,Department of Prosthodontics,Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210029,China

工程（英文）

[1]Dan-Lei Yang;Dan Wang;Hao Niu;Rui-Li Wang;Mei Liu;Fei-Min Zhang;Jie-Xin Wang;Mei-Fang Zhu-.A General Strategy for Efficiently Constructing Multifunctional Cluster Fillers Using a Three-Fluid Nozzle Spray Drying Technique for Dental Restoration)[J].工程（英文）,2022(01):138-147

DRCs,flexu,radiopacity,radiopaque

General,Strategy,Efficiently,Constructing,Multifunctional,Cluster,Fillers,Using,Three,Fluid,Nozzle,Spray,Drying,Technique,Dental,Restoration,are,greatly,required,dental,resin,composites,In,this,work,spray,dryer,three,fluid,nozzle,was,applied,first,high,performance,complex,clusters,CNCs,consisting,different,nanofillers,restoration,application,effectively,avoid,aggregation,nanoparticles,opposite,zeta,potentials,before,drying,process,order,regularly,shaped,For,SiO2,ZrO2,binary,constructed,using,maintained,their,excellent,mechanical,properties,GPa,HV,strength,flexural,modulus,compressive,hardness,respectively,despite,introduction,whereas,counterparts,two,showed,significantly,decreased,Furthermore,heat,treatment,improved,containing,over,mass,fraction,meet,requirement,More,impor,tantly,method,expanded,quaternary,systems,filled,ZnO,displayed,antibacterial,activity,addition,Thus,technique,holds,efficient,construction,multifunctional

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