Purpose::Firefighters are exposed to high levels of occupational risk factors, such as safety risks, chemical, ergonomic, and physical hazards that may jeopardize their lives. To overcome these hazards, firefighters must be physically, mentally, and personally fit to work. This study aimed to explore the criteria and factors affecting firefighters' resilience based on stakeholders’ experiences.Methods::This qualitative study was carried out using conventional content analysis. In total, 21 face-to-face interviews were conducted by firefighters who were experienced in the field. The interviews were carried out from July 2019 to January 2020. The data were collected using 3 unstructured interviews and then resumed by 18 semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was done using Graneheim method.Results::The participants had more than 5 years of experience in the field of search and rescue. The extracted codes through data analysis were classified into 3 main categories (individual, organizational, and social factors), 9 sub-categories (mental, physical, occupational, managerial, colleagues-related, equipment-related, environmental, community-related, and family-related factors), as well as 19 sub-sub-categories and 570 codes.Conclusion::Firefighters' personality, physical condition, behavior and psychological characteristics can affect their resilience along with organizational and management factors that play significant role in people's safety. Developing a tool for assessing resilience can help decision makers to have a real depict of firefighters' job qualifications.

Qualitative research;Safety;Resilience;Firefighters

Heydari Ahad;Ostadtaghizadeh Abbas;Ardalan Ali;Ebadi Abbas;Mohammadfam Iraj;Khorasani-Zavareh Davoud

Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, Occupational Health and Safety Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran;Workplace Health Promotion Research Center (WHPRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

中华创伤杂志（英文版）

[1]Heydari Ahad;Ostadtaghizadeh Abbas;Ardalan Ali;Ebadi Abbas;Mohammadfam Iraj;Khorasani-Zavareh Davoud-.Exploring the criteria and factors affecting firefighters’ resilience: A qualitative study)[J].中华创伤杂志（英文版）,2022(02):107-114

ergonomic,Graneheim

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