There are debates regarding whether a wet and warm climate or a dry and cold climate dominated Holocene fire activity in northern China on the millennial timescale,and when human activities overtook climate change as the dominant control on fire occurrence in the region.Here we present a high-resolution fire history for the past～15,500 years from a sediment core in Dali Lake,located in the foothills of the Greater Hinggan Mountains,one of the areas of highest fire risk in China.The results demonstrate that fire activity was rare dur-ing the last deglaciation(～15,500-11,700 yr BP),gradually increased at the beginning of the Holocene,and reached its highest level during～9000-5000 yr BP,after which there was a decreasing trend.However,after～2000 yr BP this decreasing trend ended,and the most prominent feature is a peak in fire activity during the Medieval Warm Period(MWP).Overall,fire activity corresponded well to changes in the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM)pre-cipitation on the millennial timescale during～15,500-2000 yr BP,but this relationship changed after～2000 yr BP.We propose that fire activity in northern China on the millennial timescale during～15,500-2000 yr BP was dominated by the biofuels reserve under the con-trol of the EASM precipitation.In contrast,with the intensification of human activities after～2000 yr BP,human activity caused a～62％-73％increase in fire activity,which altered the fire-climate relationship that had previously prevailed in northern China.Our results indicate that a wet-warm climate(increased EASM intensity),rather than a dry-cold climate,was the dominant control on fire activity in northern China during 15,500-2000 yr BP on the millennial timescale,but that human activities played an important role in fire occurrence after～2000 yr BP.

Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education),College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation(ALPHA),State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System,Resources and Environment(TPESRE),Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;School of Geography,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China;State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology,Institute of Earth Environment,CAS,Xi'an 710061,China

[1]ZHANG Zhiping;LIU Jianbao;CHEN Shengqian;ZHANG Shanjia;JIA Xin;ZHOU Aifeng;ZHAO Jiaju;CHEN Jie;SHEN Zhongwei;CHEN Fahu-.Anthropogenic origin of a change in the fire-climate relationship in northern China after～2000 yr BP:Evidence from a 15,500-year black carbon record from Dali Lake)[J].地理学报（英文版）,2022(06):1136-1156

overtook,Medieval

Anthropogenic,origin,fire,climate,relationship,northern,China,after,yr,Evidence,from,black,carbon,record,Dali,Lake,There,debates,regarding,whether,wet,warm,dry,cold,dominated,Holocene,activity,millennial,timescale,when,human,activities,dominant,control,occurrence,region,Here,present,resolution,history,past,years,sediment,core,located,foothills,Greater,Hinggan,Mountains,one,areas,highest,risk,results,demonstrate,that,was,rare,last,deglaciation,gradually,increased,beginning,reached,its,level,during,which,there,decreasing,trend,However,this,ended,most,prominent,feature,peak,Warm,Period,MWP,Overall,corresponded,well,changes,East,Asian,summer,monsoon,EASM,but,changed,We,propose,by,biofuels,reserve,under,precipitation,In,contrast,intensification,caused,altered,had,previously,prevailed,Our,indicate,intensity,rather,than,played,important,role

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