The interactions and mechanisms between sulfur and heavy metals are a growing focus of biogeochemical studies in coastal wetlands.These issues underline the fate of heavy metals bound in sediments or released into the system through sediments.Despite the fact that numerous published studies have suggested sulfur has a significant impact on the bioavailability of heavy metals accumulated in coastal wetlands,to date,no review article has systematically summarized those studies,particularly from the perspective of the three major components of wetland ecosystems(sediments,rhizosphere,and vegetation).The present review summarizes the studies published in the past four decades and highlights the major achievements in this field.Research and studies available thus far indicate that under anaerobic conditions,most of the potentially bioavailable heavy metals in coastal wetland sediments are fixed as precipitates,such as metal sulfides.However,fluctuations in physicochemical conditions may affect sulfur cycling,and hence,directly or indirectly lead to the conversion and migration of heavy metals.In the rhizosphere,root activities and microbes together affect the speciation and transformation of sulfur which in turn mediate the migration of heavy metals.As for plant tissues,tolerance to heavy metals is enhanced by sulfur-containing compounds via promoting a series of chelation and detoxification processes.Finally,to further understand the interactions between sulfur and heavy metals in coastal wetlands,some major future research directions are proposed.

Yueming Wu;Zhanrui Leng;Jian Li;Chongling Yan;Xinhong Wang;Hui Jia;Lingyun Chen;Sai Zhang;Xiaojun Zheng;Daolin Du

Institute of Environment and Ecology,School of the Environment and Safety Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China;State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361102,China;Laboratory of Microbiota,College of Life Science,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Department of Physics and Electronic Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China

环境科学与工程前沿

[1]Yueming Wu;Zhanrui Leng;Jian Li;Chongling Yan;Xinhong Wang;Hui Jia;Lingyun Chen;Sai Zhang;Xiaojun Zheng;Daolin Du-.Sulfur mediated heavy metal biogeochemical cycles in coastal wetlands:From sediments,rhizosphere to vegetation)[J].环境科学与工程前沿,2022(08):66-83

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