In Eastern Europe,efforts are being made for road infrastructure development,as this area has not yet reached the level of that in the West.Road noise negatively affects birds,especially in urban habitats.Therefore,seven green spaces from an Eastern European city were monitored,which were selected according to the urbanization gradient and the hydrographic peculiarities of the area.The correlation between species richness and human population density,urban mobility,or road noise was verified.These three factors together explained over 99％of species richness distribution in habitats and during study periods.Road noise was the strongest predictor and the most negative influencer of bird species.These correlations were higher when we also considered the variability of species in habitats over time,instead of the total species richness of a habitat,as it expresses more accurately the impact of noise on the presence of species.The presence of species has decreased from one habitat to another along the urbanization gradient,from the edge of the city to the center,both in the case of terrestrial and aquatic green spaces.The most central park differed significantly from the other terrestrial green spaces in the city.At the same time,no significant differences were registered between the aquatic habitats or the rest of the terrestrial habitats.The ideal mitigation measure in this case would be that there are no roads in the immediate vicinity of green spaces.Still,if this is not possible(as in the case of all the existing green spaces in a city),we discuss/recommend placing noise barriers at the edge of green spaces or high-speed roads.

Alfred-?tefan Cicort-Lucaciu;Hanem-Vera Keshta;Paula-Vanda Popovici;David Munkácsi;Ilie-Cǎtǎlin Telcean;Carmen Gache

Department of Biology,Faculty of Informatics and Sciences,University of Oradea,1 Universitatii Str.,410087,Oradea,Bihor County,Romania;Independent Researcher,2 Alexandru Roman Str.,415200,Beiu?,Bihor County,Romania;"ǐnv.Galgau Iosif"Secondary School,61 Pagaia,417063,Boianu Mare,Bihor County,Romania;"Miskolczy Karoly"Secondary School,197 Mi?ca,417183,Chi?laz,Bihor County,Romania;"Kazinczy Ferenc"Secondary School,602 Simian,417545,Simian,Bihor County,Romania;"Toldy"Secondary School,26 Sannicolau de Munte,417441,Sǎcuieni,Bihor County,Romania;"Mihail Eminescu"National College,18 Roman Ciorogariu Str.,410017,Oradea,Bihor County,Romania;Technological High School No.1,48 de Jos Str.,Cadea,417436,Sacuieni,Bihor County,Romania;Department of Biology,Faculty of Biology,"Alexandru Ioan Cuza"University,11A Bd.Carol I Str.,700505,Iasi,Iasi County,Romania

鸟类学研究（英文版）

[1]Alfred-?tefan Cicort-Lucaciu;Hanem-Vera Keshta;Paula-Vanda Popovici;David Munkácsi;Ilie-Cǎtǎlin Telcean;Carmen Gache-.Urban avifauna distribution explained by road noise in an Eastern European city)[J].鸟类学研究（英文版）,2022(04):445-453

avifauna

Urban,distribution,explained,by,noise,Eastern,European,city,In,efforts,being,made,infrastructure,development,this,area,has,yet,reached,level,that,West,Road,negatively,affects,birds,especially,habitats,Therefore,seven,green,spaces,from,were,monitored,which,selected,according,urbanization,gradient,hydrographic,peculiarities,between,species,richness,human,population,density,mobility,was,verified,These,three,factors,together,over,during,study,periods,strongest,predictor,most,influencer,correlations,higher,when,also,considered,variability,instead,total,expresses,more,accurately,impact,presence,decreased,one,another,along,edge,center,both,case,terrestrial,aquatic,central,park,differed,significantly,At,same,differences,registered,ideal,mitigation,measure,would,there,roads,immediate,vicinity,Still,possible,existing,discuss,recommend,placing,barriers,speed

0.462541