Sympatric Chinese-wintering Eastern Tundra Bean Geese(Anser fabalis serrirostris,ETBG)breed in two widely separated Arctic areas(Central Russian Arctic and Anadyr region);South Korean-wintering birds(Chaun-South Korea)breed in a third discrete area between these two.Such winter/summer segregation likely structures the population,potentially resulting in distinct migration patterns and habitat-use throughout the annual cycle.We tracked individuals using GPS-GSM transmitters from all three of these geographically discrete ETBG sub-populations to see whether this was the case,testing for differences in migration patterns,seasonal and diurnal habitat-use using remotely sensed land-cover mapping.Mean migration distance of Central Arctic-China and Chaun-South Korea individuals did not differ significantly,but Anadyr-China birds travelled 15-24％further(mean:1140 km,P＜0.001).Despite this,mean spring migration durations were longest among Central Arctic-China ETBG,significantly longer than Anadyr-China geese,due to significantly longer stopovers,which were significantly longer than Chaun-South Korea birds.Autumn migration duration of Central Arctic-China and Chaun-South Korea individuals was significantly shorter than in spring,with fewer,shorter stopovers.Lack of significant differences in migration and stopover duration or numbers of stopovers between spring and autumn among Anadyr-China ETBG confirms this is a plastic trait,differing between subpopulations responding to pre-vailing conditions.Migration patterns and habitat-use differed significantly between all three ETBG sub-populations,although all tended to use wetlands more at night and croplands more in daytime in winter,suggesting specific adaptations and responses to differing conditions encountered along their different migration routes.Although untestable,we speculate that differences in habitat-use may affect fitness levels and genetic exchange between subpopulations,but based on our observations,conclude clear differences in migration and foraging ecology between these elements of the same subspecies,even in winter sympatry.

Fanjuan Meng;Jing Zhang;Chang Li;Qingshan Zhao;Diana Solovyeva;Hansoo Lee;Liding Chen;Lei Cao;Anthony David Fox

State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Institute of Biological Problems of the North,Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,Magadan,685000,Russia;Korea Institute of Environmental Ecology,Yuseong-gu,Daejeon,South Korea;Department of Ecoscience,Aarhus University,C.F.M?llers Vej 8,DK-8000,Aarhus,Denmark

鸟类学研究（英文版）

[1]Fanjuan Meng;Jing Zhang;Chang Li;Qingshan Zhao;Diana Solovyeva;Hansoo Lee;Liding Chen;Lei Cao;Anthony David Fox-.Differing migration patterns and year-round habitat-use of allopatric nesting Eastern Tundra Bean Geese(Anser fabalis serrirostris)in East Asia)[J].鸟类学研究（英文版）,2022(04):415-423

Tundra,Geese,serrirostris,Sympatric,wintering,ETBG,Anadyr,Chaun,geese,stopovers,vailing,untestable,sympatry

Differing,migration,patterns,year,round,habitat,use,allopatric,nesting,Eastern,Bean,Anser,fabalis,Asia,Chinese,breed,two,widely,separated,Arctic,areas,Central,Russian,region,South,Korean,birds,third,discrete,between,these,Such,summer,segregation,likely,structures,potentially,resulting,distinct,throughout,annual,cycle,We,tracked,individuals,using,GPS,GSM,transmitters,from,three,geographically,see,whether,this,was,case,testing,differences,seasonal,diurnal,remotely,sensed,cover,mapping,Mean,distance,China,did,not,significantly,but,travelled,further,mean,Despite,spring,durations,were,longest,among,longer,than,due,which,Autumn,shorter,fewer,Lack,numbers,autumn,confirms,plastic,trait,differing,subpopulations,responding,pre,conditions,Migration,differed,although,tended,wetlands,more,night,croplands,daytime,suggesting,specific,adaptations,responses,encountered,along,their,different,routes,Although,speculate,that,may,affect,fitness,levels,genetic,exchange,our,observations,conclude,clear,foraging,ecology,elements,same,subspecies,even

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