Reintroduction has become a common conservation management tool to restore endangered species in their historical range.However,many attempts have failed to establish self-sustaining populations in the wild.The success of reintroductions could be improved by varying release strategies.Therefore,it is vital to determine the factors influencing reintroduction outcomes.To better understand the post-release settlement and to optimize the release strategy of the Crested Ibis(Nipponia nippon),we quantified the effects of age,sex,acclimation duration,and the timing of release events on post-release survival and dispersal distance for the released Crested Ibis in Tongchuan City,Shaanxi Province,using a generalized linear mixed effect modeling approach.Our results indicate that 40-56.3％of the released individuals survived the first year following release.Mortality was attributable to flight collisions,starvation,disease,and unknown reasons.The post-release survival probability of ibises showed a negative association with age(estimate=-0.186;95％CI:-0.350 to-0.022;P=0.026),and post-release dispersal distance was affected by the timing of release event(estimate=0.718;95％CI:0.025 to 1.253;P=0.042).However,sex and acclimation period duration did not cause detectable differences in post-release survival probability and dispersal distance.Based on our results,optimal release strategies for estab-lishing a reintroduced population of the Crested Ibis include:(1)release of sub-adults biased and sex ratio balanced initial groups;(2)release during the non-breeding season;and(3)food supplementation immediately after release.

Min Li;Yilamujiang Tuohetahong;Feng Lin;Rong Dong;Huaqiang Wang;Xiaoman Wu;Xinping Ye;Xiaoping Yu

College of Life Sciences,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an,710119,China;Shaanxi Giant Panda Research Center,Xi'an,710082,China;Yaozhou District Wildlife Protection and Management Station,Tongchuan City,727100,China;Research Center for UAV Remote Sensing,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an,710119,China;Chongqing Teaching&Research Base of Ecology,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an,710119,China

鸟类学研究（英文版）

[1]Min Li;Yilamujiang Tuohetahong;Feng Lin;Rong Dong;Huaqiang Wang;Xiaoman Wu;Xinping Ye;Xiaoping Yu-.Factors affecting post-release survival and dispersal of reintroduced Crested Ibis(Nipponia nippon)in Tongchuan City,China)[J].鸟类学研究（英文版）,2022(03):356-361

Crested,Ibis,Tongchuan,Reintroduction,reintroductions,ibises

Factors,affecting,post,survival,dispersal,reintroduced,Nipponia,nippon,City,China,has,become,common,conservation,management,tool,restore,endangered,species,their,historical,range,However,many,attempts,have,failed,establish,self,sustaining,populations,wild,success,could,improved,by,varying,strategies,Therefore,vital,determine,factors,influencing,outcomes,better,understand,settlement,optimize,strategy,quantified,effects,sex,acclimation,duration,timing,events,distance,released,Shaanxi,Province,using,generalized,linear,mixed,modeling,approach,Our,results,indicate,that,individuals,survived,first,year,following,Mortality,was,attributable,flight,collisions,starvation,disease,unknown,reasons,probability,showed,negative,association,estimate,affected,period,did,not,cause,detectable,differences,Based,our,optimal,lishing,include,sub,adults,biased,balanced,initial,groups,during,breeding,season,food,supplementation,immediately,after

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