One of the hallmarks of the mature neurons from the central nervous system (CNS) is their inability to grow their axons after an insult. In turn, whenever a neuronal circuit is damaged, either by a neurodegenerative disease or a traumatic injury, the motor and/or cognitive functions associated with it are lost permanently. Therefore, understanding the molecular and cellular barriers to CNS repair is a major challenge not only for Neurosciences but also for public health. Regrowing mature axons has been the limiting step in the field of CNS regeneration for many years. Indeed, for a long time, studies focused only on the inhibitory role of the environment (glial scar and myelin debris), but its manipulation resulted on moderate growth (He and Jin, 2016). Ten years ago, the discovery of the critical role of neurons themselves has been a game changer leading to extensive axonal regeneration: from the eye to the brain in the visual system (Belin et al., 2015; He and Jin, 2016). In addition, it has been shown recently that regenerating axons can be myelinated using a combination of drugs (Wang et al., 2020). This is a critical milestone to reach the functionality of the regenerating circuit.

Noemie Vilallongue

Univ.Grenoble Alpes,Inserm,Grenoble Institut Neurosciences,Grenoble,France

中国神经再生研究（英文版）

[1]Noemie Vilallongue-.Visual system repair: what 's next?)[J].中国神经再生研究（英文版）,2022(04):800-802

Neurosciences, Regrowing,myelinated

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