Nitrogen(N)fertilization increases rice yield,but inappropriate N fertilizer application increases N loss and the risk of environmental pollution.Short-term fertilizer postponing(FP)generally reduces N appar-ent surplus and increases rice yields,but the effects of long-term FP on N surplus and rice yields remain unknown.Our study was the first to investigate the impacts of long-term FP(11 years)on N apparent surplus and rice yields.FP effects in the short term(≤6 years)did not affect rice yields,whereas FP effects in the long term(＞6 years)increased rice yields by 13.9％compared with conventional fertilization(CF).FP did not affect panicles per unit area,1000-kernel weight,and filled-kernel rate,but spikelets per pan-icle increased over time due to spikelet formation stimulation.FP also reduced the N apparent surplus over time more strongly than CF owing to higher N accumulation and N utilization efficiency.FP effects in the long term also significantly increased soil organic matter,total N,and NH4+-N content.Our results were supported by a pot experiment,showing that rice yields in soils with a history of FP were signifi-cantly higher than those for soils without a history of FP,indicating that FP increased rice yields more strongly in later years mainly because of soil quality improvement.Our findings suggest that long-term FP can reduce N loss while increasing rice yields by improving soil quality.

Yan Zhou;Lei Xu;Jianwei Zhang;Weiwei Li;Yu Jiang;Songhan Wang;Yanfeng Ding;Zhenghui Liu;Ganghua Li

National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,Jiangsu,China;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,China/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210095,Jiangsu,China

作物学报（英文版）

[1]Yan Zhou;Lei Xu;Jianwei Zhang;Weiwei Li;Yu Jiang;Songhan Wang;Yanfeng Ding;Zhenghui Liu;Ganghua Li-.Low N apparent surplus with higher rice yield under long-term fertilizer postponing in the rice-wheat cropping system)[J].作物学报（英文版）,2022(04):1178-1186

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