Cracks are accounted as the most destructive discontinuity in rock,soil,and concrete.Enhancing our knowledge from their properties such as crack distribution,density,and/or aspect ratio is crucial in geo-systems.The most well-known mechanical parameter for such an evaluation is wave velocity through which one can qualitatively or quantitatively characterize the porous media.In small scales,such information is obtained using the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) technique as a non-destructive test.In large-scale geo-systems,however,it is inverted from seismic data.In this paper,we take advantage of the recent advancements in machine learning (ML) for analyzing wave signals and predict rock properties such as crack density (CD)-the number of cracks per unit volume.To this end,we designed numerical models with different CDs and,using the rotated staggered finite-difference grid (RSG) technique,simu-lated wave propagation.Two ML networks,namely Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM),are then used to predict CD values.Results show that,by selecting an opti-mum value for wavelength to crack length ratio,the accuracy of predictions of test data can reach R2 ＞ 96％ with mean square error (MSE) ＜ 25e-4 (normalized values).Overall,we found that:(i) perfor-mance of both CNN and LSTM is highly promising,(ii) accuracy of the transmitted signals is slightly higher than the reflected signals,(iii) accuracy of 2D signals is marginally higher than 1D signals,(iv)accuracy of horizontal and vertical component signals are comparable,(v) accuracy of coda signals is less when the whole signals are used.Our results,thus,reveal that the ML methods can provide rapid solu-tions and estimations for crack density,without the necessity of further modeling.

Sadegh Karimpouli;Pejman Tahmasebi;Erik H.Saenger

Mining Engineering Group,Faculty of Engineering,University of Zanjan,Zanjan,Iran;Department of Petroleum Engineering,University of Wyoming,Laramie,WY 82071,USA;Bochum University of Applied Sciences,44801 Bochum,Germany;Fraunhofer IEG,Fraunhofer Research Institution for Energy Infrastructure and Geothermal Systems,44801 Bochum,Germany;Ruhr-University Bochum,44801 Bochum,Germany

地学前缘（英文版）

[1]Sadegh Karimpouli;Pejman Tahmasebi;Erik H.Saenger-.Ultrasonic prediction of crack density using machine learning:A numerical investigation)[J].地学前缘（英文版）,2022(01):114-126

UPV,coda

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