Tertiary relicts often show evolutionary stasis in morphology and ecology and have been hypothesized to retain stable population sizes in refugia.However,recent studies have reported that some relicts evolutionarily shifted their physiology,ecology,and morphology and experienced various patterns of demography.To understand the historical survival of relict plants,a multidimensional study investigating the evolution of ecological and morphological traits as well as population demographic history is needed.The genus Tanakaea(Saxifragaceae)comprises two species in China and Japan.These species share most vegetative characteristics and are sometimes treated as a single species.The distribution pattern is relictual,as the populations are confined to small areas in mesic warm temperate forests less influenced by Quaternary glacial climates.Focusing on the relictual plant group,this study tested the hypotheses of evolutionary stasis and population stability in long-term refugia.Genetic analyses using plastome sequences and genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms revealed divergence of the two species approximately 6.8 million years ago and strong genetic differentiation of the regional populations.Demographic analysis revealed that almost all populations retained stable population sizes during glacial-interglacial climate changes,supporting the traditional view.However,morphological assessments revealed a simultaneous shift in breeding systems(from hermaphrodite to dioecy/non-clonal to clonal reproduction)in Japanese species and intraspecific differentiation of leaf traits.Therefore,the relict species do not show evolutionary stasis in every aspect.Changes in reproductive characteristics may have contributed to their long-term in situ survival.

Daiki Takahashi;Yuji Isagi;Pan Li;Ying-Xiong Qiu;Hiroaki Setoguchi;Yoshihisa Suyama;Ayumi Matsuo;Yoshihiro Tsunamoto;Shota Sakaguchi

Kawatabi Field Science Centre,Graduated School of Agricultural Science,Tohoku University,Osaki,Miyagi,Japan;Graduate School of Agriculture,Kyoto University,Kyoto,Japan;Systematic and Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity Group,MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection,College of Life Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies,Kyoto University,Kyoto,Japan;Research Institute of Energy,Environment and Geology,Hokkaido Research Organization,Sapporo,Hokkaido,Japan

植物分类学报

[1]Daiki Takahashi;Yuji Isagi;Pan Li;Ying-Xiong Qiu;Hiroaki Setoguchi;Yoshihisa Suyama;Ayumi Matsuo;Yoshihiro Tsunamoto;Shota Sakaguchi-.Stable persistence of relict populations involved evolutionary shifts of reproductive characters in the genus Tanakaea(Saxifragaceae)oo)[J].植物分类学报,2022(06):1405-1416

Tanakaea,Saxifragaceae,relictual,plastome,hermaphrodite,dioecy

Stable,persistence,populations,involved,evolutionary,shifts,reproductive,characters,genus,oo,Tertiary,relicts,often,show,stasis,morphology,ecology,have,been,hypothesized,stable,sizes,refugia,However,recent,studies,reported,that,evolutionarily,shifted,their,physiology,experienced,various,patterns,demography,To,understand,historical,survival,plants,multidimensional,study,investigating,ecological,morphological,traits,well,demographic,history,needed,comprises,two,species,China,These,share,vegetative,characteristics,sometimes,treated,single,distribution,confined,small,areas,mesic,warm,temperate,forests,less,influenced,by,Quaternary,climates,Focusing,group,this,tested,hypotheses,stability,long,term,Genetic,analyses,sequences,genome,wide,nucleotide,polymorphisms,revealed,divergence,approximately,million,years,ago,strong,genetic,differentiation,regional,Demographic,analysis,almost,retained,during,interglacial,changes,supporting,traditional,view,assessments,simultaneous,breeding,systems,from,clonal,reproduction,Japanese,intraspecific,leaf,Therefore,do,not,every,aspect,Changes,may,contributed,situ

0.556457