Collisionless shocks are ubiquitous in the Universe and are held responsible for the production of nonthermal particles and high-energy radiation.In the absence of particle collisions in the system,theory shows that the interaction of an expanding plasma with a pre-existing electromagnetic structure(as in our case)is able to induce energy dissipation and allow shock formation.Shock formation can alterna-tively take place when two plasmas interact,through microscopic instabilities inducing electromagnetic fields that are able in turn to mediate energy dissipation and shock formation.Using our platform in which we couple a rapidly expanding plasma induced by high-power lasers(JLF/Titan at LLNL and LULI2000)with high-strength magnetic fields,we have investigated the generation of a magnetized collisionless shock and the associated particle energization.We have characterized the shock as being collisionless and supercritical.We report here on measurements of the plasma density and temperature,the electromagnetic field structures,and the particle energization in the experiments,under various conditions of ambient plasma and magnetic field.We have also modeled the formation of the shocks using macroscopic hydrodynamic simulations and the associated particle acceleration using kinetic particle-in-cell simulations.As a companion paper to Yao et al.[Nat.Phys.17,1177-1182(2021)],here we show additional results of the experiments and simulations,providing more information to allow their reproduction and to demonstrate the robustness of our interpretation of the proton energization mechanism as being shock surfing acceleration.

W.Yao;A.Fazzini;S.N.Chen;K.Burdonov;P.Antici;J.Béard;S.Bola?os;A.Ciardi;R.Diab;E.D.Filippov;S.Kisyov;V.Lelasseux;M.Miceli;Q.Moreno;V.Nastasa;S.Orlando;S.Pikuz;D.C.Popescu;G.Revet;X.Ribeyre;E.d'Humières;J.Fuchs

LULI-CNRS,CEA,UPMC Univ Paris 06:Sorbonne Université,Ecole Polytechnique,Institut Polytechnique de Paris,F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex,France;Sorbonne Université,Observatoire de Paris,Université PSL,CNRS,LERMA,F-75005 Paris,France;ELI-NP,"Horia Hulubei"National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering,30 Reactorului Street,RO-077125 Bucharest-Magurele,Romania;IAP,Russian Academy of Sciences,603155 Nizhny Novgorod,Russia;INRS-EMT,1650 Blvd.Lionel-Boulet,Varennes,Quebec J3X 1S2,Canada;LNCMI,UPR 3228,CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA,F-31400 Toulouse,France;JIHT,Russian Academy of Sciences,125412 Moscow,Russia;Università degli Studi di Palermo,Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica E.Segrè,Piazza del Parlamento 1,90134 Palermo,Italy;INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo,Palermo,Italy;University of Bordeaux,Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications,CNRS,CEA,UMR 5107,F-33405 Talence,France;ELI-Beamlines,Institute of Physics,Czech Academy of Sciences,5 Kvetna 835,25241 Dolni Brezany,Czech Republic;NRNU MEPhI,115409 Moscow,Russia

极端条件下的物质与辐射（英文）

[1]W.Yao;A.Fazzini;S.N.Chen;K.Burdonov;P.Antici;J.Béard;S.Bola?os;A.Ciardi;R.Diab;E.D.Filippov;S.Kisyov;V.Lelasseux;M.Miceli;Q.Moreno;V.Nastasa;S.Orlando;S.Pikuz;D.C.Popescu;G.Revet;X.Ribeyre;E.d'Humières;J.Fuchs-.Detailed characterization of a laboratory magnetized supercritical collisionless shock and of the associated proton energization)[J].极端条件下的物质与辐射（英文）,2022(01):15-28

energization,Collisionless,JLF,LULI2000,surfing

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