The rapid expansion of China's urban agglomerations in recent decades has re-sulted in over-occupied ecological spaces and increased ecological pressure that are re-stricting healthy regional development.This paper examines the structure and characteristics of distribution of"production-living-ecological"spaces in five mega-urban agglomerations in China:Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH),the Yangtze River Delta(YRD),Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA),Chengdu-Chongqing(CY),and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River(MYR).We analyze spatial and temporal variations in the ecological spaces and factors influencing them from 1990 to 2020,and examine the comprehensive ecological carrying capacity and status of ecological spaces in the past 30 years based on the available water resources,regulation of water and air quality,and leisure and recreation.The results show the following:(1)Urban agglomerations in different stages of formation and development represent varying area ratios of"ecological-production-living"spaces.The modes of expansion and evolution of the living spaces are dominated by multi-center com-binations as well as the spatial structure of ecological spaces,including barrier,compact,discrete,and fully enveloping spaces.(2)From 1990 to 2020,the area occupied by living spaces in urban agglomerations continued to increase significantly while that of spaces for ecological production decreased.Except in the GBA,ecological spaces have exhibited a trend of increase in area,especially in the past 10 years.The area ratios and spatio-temporal variations in the"production-living-ecological"spaces indicate that the main functions of production and ecological spaces in mega-urban agglomerations have shifted from supply to regulation and culture,and reflect the transition from rapid urbanization to sustainable ur-banization in China.(3)The comprehensive ecological carrying capacities of 78.6％,73.1％,54.5％,56.3％,and 25.8％of cities in BTH,YRD,GBA,CY and MYR are severely overbur-dened.Water supply and the regulation of water quality are the main factors restricting the ecological carrying capacity of BTH and YRD while leisure and recreation services have hindered the capacities of GBA and CY.Policymakers thus need to pay attention to the con-servation and rational layout of ecological spaces to reduce the ecological pressure in urban agglomerations.The work here can provide a scientific basis for the green and sustainable development of urban agglomerations as well as the optimized configuration of"produc-tion-living-ecological"spaces.

WANG Shihao;HUANG Lin;XU Xinliang;Li Jiahui

State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Re-sources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China

地理学报（英文版）

[1]WANG Shihao;HUANG Lin;XU Xinliang;Li Jiahui-.Spatio-temporal variations in ecological spaces and their ecological carrying status in China's mega-urban agglomerations)[J].地理学报（英文版）,2022(09):1683-1704

stricting,banization,overbur,dened,Policymakers

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