The basic life cycle of Foraminifera has long been recognized as alternation between sex-ual and asexual generations;a common modification is several successive asexual generations. Produc-tion and release of flagellated gametes also has been documented as the basic sexual-reproductive mode in extant lineages. Research on population dynamics, local spatial distributions, and biogeography of Amphistegina spp. and Heterostegina depressa have been augmented by culture studies over the past 50 years, providing insights that have been widely used in paleoecological and paleoenvironmental inter-pretations. Hypotheses are proposed suggesting how stages in the life cycle might contribute to under-standing biogeographic and evolutionary trends commonly observed in large benthic foraminifers. Re-cruitment of sexually-produced cryptobiotic propagules, followed by successive asexual generations (schizogeny), can potentially establish viable, locally-adapted populations within literally years, consis-tent with the concepts of both allopatric speciation and reticulate evolution associated with isolation and reconnection of local basins. The review concludes with the recommendation that future studies utilizing genomics, proteonomics, geochemistries, scanning technologies, and other approaches can pro-mote greater understanding of both modern and fossil larger benthic foraminiferal lineages.

Pamela Hallock;Claire E.Reymond

College of Marine Science,University of South Florida,St.Petersburg,FL 33701,USA;School of Earth Sciences,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;School of Geosciences,The University of Sydney,Sydney NSW 2006,Australia

地球科学学刊（英文版）

[1]Pamela Hallock;Claire E.Reymond-.Contributions of Trimorphic Life Cycles to Dispersal and Evolutionary Trends in Large Benthic Foraminifers)[J].地球科学学刊（英文版）,2022(06):1425-1433

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