In this paper, a scheme of dual-Doppler radar wind analysis based on a three-dimensional variational method is proposed and performed in two steps. First, the horizontal wind field is simultaneously recovered through minimizing a cost function defined as a radial observation term with the standard conjugate gradient method, avoiding a weighting parameter specification step. Compared with conventional dual-Doppler wind synthesis approaches, this variational method minimizes errors caused by interpolation from radar observation to analysis grid in the iterative solution process, which is one of the main sources of errors. Then, through the accelerated Liebmann method, the vertical velocity is further re-estimated as an extra step by solving the Poisson equation with impermeable conditions imposed at the ground and near the tropopause. The Poisson equation defined by the second derivative of the vertical velocity is derived from the mass continuity equation. Compared with the method proposed by O'Brien, this method is less sensitive to the uncertainty of the boundary conditions and has better stability and reliability. Furthermore, the method proposed in this paper is applied to Doppler radar observation of a squall line process. It is shown that the retrieved vertical wind profile agrees well with the vertical profile obtained with the velocity–azimuth display (VAD) method, and the retrieved radial velocity as well as the analyzed positive and negative velocity centers and horizontal wind shear of the squall line are in accord with radar observations. There is a good correspondence between the divergence field of the derived wind field and the vertical velocity. And, the horizontal and vertical circulations within and around the squall line, as well as strong updrafts, the associated downdrafts, and associated rear inflow of the bow echo, are analyzed well. It is worth mentioning that the variational method in this paper can be applied to simultaneously synthesize the three-dimensional wind field from multiple-Doppler radar observations.

Chenbin XUE;Zhiying DING;Xinyong SHEN;Xian CHEN

Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster,Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Jiangxi Meteorological Observatory,Nanchang 330096,China;Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Regional Numerical Weather Prediction,Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,CMA,Guangzhou 510080,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai),Zhuhai 519082,China;Jiangxi Institute of Land and Space Survey and Planning/Jiangxi Geomatics Center,Nanchang 330000,China

大气科学进展（英文版）

[1]Chenbin XUE;Zhiying DING;Xinyong SHEN;Xian CHEN-.Three-Dimensional Wind Field Retrieved from Dual-Doppler Radar Based on a Variational Method: Refinement ofVertical Velocity Estimates)[J].大气科学进展（英文版）,2022(01):145-160

Retrieved,ofVertical,Liebmann,squall,downdrafts

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