1 Introduction This comment reviews the"once learning"mech-anism(OLM)that was proposed by Weigang(1998),the subsequent success of"one-shot learning"in ob-ject categories(Li FF et al.,2003),and"you only look once"(YOLO)in objective detection(Redmon et al.,2016).Upon analyzing the current state of research in artificial intelligence(AI),we propose to divide AI into the following basic theory cate-gories:artificial human intelligence(AHI),artificial machine intelligence(AMI),artificial biological in-telligence(ABI),and artificial quantum intelligence(AQI).These can also be considered as the main di-rections of research and development(R&D)within AI,and distinguished by the following classifica-tion standards and methods:(1)human-,machine-,biological-,and quantum-oriented AI R&D;(2)in-formation input processed by dimensionality increase or reduction;(3)the use of one/a few or a large num-ber of samples for knowledge learning.

Li WEIGANG;Liriam Michi ENAMOTO;Denise Leyi LI;Geraldo Pereira ROCHA FILHO

Department of Computer Science,University of Brasilia,Brasilia-DF 70910-900,Brazil;Faculty of Economics,Administration,Accounting and Actuaries,University of Sao Paulo,Sao Paulo 05508-010,Brazil

信息与电子工程前沿（英文）

[1]Li WEIGANG;Liriam Michi ENAMOTO;Denise Leyi LI;Geraldo Pereira ROCHA FILHO-.New directions for artificial intelligence:human,machine,biological,and quantum intelligence)[J].信息与电子工程前沿（英文）,2022(06):984-990

Weigang,Redmon

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